[This thread is at some serious risk of longarticlitis, and in these
situations a quotectomy is generally required. I have performed the
operation, and I hope it was successful, but some consulting of parent
articles may be required in some circumstances. The sub-subject
currently in focus is 'belief'.]
Post by BruceSI accept the scientific view of something as being the best model we
have at the moment, not the Ultimate Truth of it.
So do I. Am I right in deducing that you think that belief means
unreasoning, unthinking conviction of the truth of something with no
supporting evidence?
Just in case I /am/ right in deducing that, I beg to differ. Bob comes
home with lipstick on his cheek. Alice asks him how it got there. Bob
says he met his sister in town. Bob has a sister, known to live in the
same town, known to be ready to hug and kiss people at the drop of a
hat; and Bob has a track record of reliability and honesty. So Alice
/believes/ Bob's account. As you say, it's the best model she has at the
moment. If the facts available to her later change (for example, if she
discovers Bob in flagrante delicto), her belief in Bob may change. When
the facts change, wise people change their minds.
Let's think about what your life would be like if you refused to believe
*anything*.
You can't sit down, because you can't believe the chair will support
you. It's no good testing it, because you can't believe the result of
the test. You can't visit a friend because you can't believe he won't
try to kill you. You can't drink a cup of water from the tap because you
can't believe it's not poisoned.
It's ludicrous.
When normal people say "I believe this to be true", they mean "this is
the explanation that I think best thinks the facts", and the unspoken
rider is that they are prepared to change their minds when the facts
change. This is not how my opponents in this debate are using the word.
That's fine as long as they define their terms, but not only do they not
do that, but also they assume that I'm using words with /their/
definitions, and then they're laughing with glee because they think I'm
falling into their heffalump traps.
Well, I'm not using words like "faith" and "belief" the way they mean.
I'm using them in what I consider to be the ordinary way.
Here's an online dictionary definition of "belief" [with my annotations
in square brackets]:
1. The mental act, condition, or habit of placing trust or confidence in
another. [When someone says "I believe in NASA's ability to get to
Mars", this is the sense they mean.]
2. Mental acceptance of and conviction in the truth, actuality, or
validity of something. [When someone sits on a chair, this is the belief
they are demonstrating.]
3. Something believed or accepted as true, especially a particular tenet
or a body of tenets accepted by a group of persons. [A slightly
recursive definition there, but never mind that. This is the sense that
people mean when they say 'scientists believe...' or 'Methodists
believe...'.]
Nowhere in this definition is there any requirement to continue
believing something if the facts change. Facts /do/ change, sometimes. I
believe the chair I'm sitting on can support me. But if I feel it
wobble, I may feel moved to examine it for soundness, and I might well
replace it if I think it's damaged in some way, in which case I am
showing that my belief in that chair has vanished.
Post by BruceSThere may not
actually be anything like an electron, but using that model fits the
results well enough to facilitate all sorts of technological progress.
Yes, of course there may not actually be anything like an electron.
Nevertheless, lots of people do believe they exist. Here's an extract
from an article written elsethread: "Every time you use electricity, you
confirm electrons." [Message ID:
<***@4ax.com>]
Maybe you, Bruce, don't "believe" that electrons exist, but the author
of that article (who, admittedly, may well be hard of thinking, as he
thinks CAPITAL LETTERS constitute an argument) clearly does. And I have
to agree with him, because I believe they exist, too. But if the facts
change, I am perfectly prepared to change my mind.
Post by BruceSPlus, as one of the millions who have measured the charge of a single
electron, I have a vested interest in that model.
I'm not sure whether that matters, does it? I believe you have
sufficient scientific integrity to lay aside your vested interest if it
turns out that there really is no such thing as an electron. (Excuse me,
Bruce, while I address everyone *else* for a moment: Anyone who thinks
I'm an electron-denier needs to look up 'if' in the dictionary.)
Post by BruceSThe difference is that science is self-correcting. [...]
I think that's true of theology, too. [...]
What's more, even those who loathe and despise Christianity and think
it's fraudulent foolishness can surely find little to object to in a
text that encourages people to be loving, joyful, peaceful, patient,
kind, good, faithful, gentle, and self-disciplined.
Sure, as long as those people ignore all the parts that encourage or
celebrate murder, slavery, rape, genocide, and the rest.
By the same token, we need to ignore the parts of science that say that
there are five elements (air, earth, etc), that the Sun, moon, and stars
are nailed to crystal spheres, that vacuums cannot exist, and the rest. So?
Post by BruceSI agree that science is self-correcting in the long run. I disagree that
faith is not required. I cite, again, the electron. I've never seen one.
To accept its existence requires faith on my part. If you, personally,
/have/ seen one, on its own, individually, identifiably, then perhaps
you don't need that faith; but even then, you *haven't* seen its
electrical charge, so you have to take that on faith too.
There's a difference between faith, at least as I understand the term,
and trust or belief based on objective evidence.
Belief can be based either on objective evidence or on subjective
evidence. I'm a bit of a sceptic when it comes to evidence - I think
/all/ evidence is subjective.
Furthermore, our beliefs change as the evidence changes. I would suggest
that 'faith' is related to 'belief', and might be thought of as a kind
of inertia, a force that is capable of resisting scepticism, up to a
point. Consider a coin!
A little while ago, I asked you to post a coin to me. Do you remember?
No? Well, you fished into your pocket, and you drew out a quarter, or a
fifty-pence, or a drachma or whatever it was (how should *I* know what
country you're from?), and you posted it to me. Now, I *believe* in your
sense of fair play, so I *believe* you've sent me a fair coin.
I toss the coin. It comes down heads. Here's the result history:
H
Fair enough. I toss it again. It comes down heads again:
HH
That can happen. I still think it's a fair coin. I toss it again, and it
comes down heads *again*:
HHH
I still believe it's a fair coin. Runs of three aren't that uncommon.
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
Now I'm starting to worry a little. My faith in the coin is being
tested. My faith in /you/ is being tested. Have you sent me a weighted coin?
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
My faith is stretched to the very limit. I still /want/ to trust you,
but there is now a significant body of evidence that suggests I
shouldn't. I'm beginning to be sceptical.
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHT
Now, what am I to make of /that/? Well, a weighted coin might well
produce an occasional tail. I'm still sceptical, but the result is
nevertheless noteworthy.
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHTHHHHHHHHH
That's it! Enough! That's a weighted coin...
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHTHHHHHHHHHTTHTHTHHTTHTTTHTHTHTTHTT
...or maybe not. Faith cosy, faith challenged, faith stretched to the
limit, faith eventually broken, faith restored. All of these things can
and do happen to Christians.
Post by BruceSThat said, we have to start *somewhere*, like believing our own senses.
I agree entirely. I also think we should believe our own minds, because
otherwise what's the point of believing our senses? But, whilst I should
believe *my* mind, I see no reason why I should necessarily believe
*your* mind. If you say you have had an encounter with God, why should I
trust you? You might be a fool or a charlatan. But if I have an
encounter with God myself, well, I can certainly trust /me/.
And quod is precisely what I was trying to demonstrandum.
Post by BruceSI believe we sent humans to the Moon and back, even though I've never met any of those
men, nor been to the Moon myself, nor even seen any direct evidence.
At last! Yes, I believe that too, even though the same caveats apply.
Post by BruceSThe whole reflector bit could easily have been faked. For that matter,
I've never been to Paris, and have to trust others that it exists.
That trust is distinct from faith in something that has no objective
evidence, though more in a matter of degree than of fundamental nature.
What is "objective evidence"? Is it "evidence other than that which
comes through our senses"? If so, can you give me an example? And if
not, can you explain what it is?
<snip>
Post by BruceSPersonally, I think of "religion" as "that which binds" (from
religo, "I bind"), and I associate it with human power structures. I
have no wish or desire to defend it. It deserves all it has coming to
it. I'm not talking about popes and chancels and imams and mosques and
relics and crusades and so on. I'm talking about personal experience.
And my own view of God has changed over the years, not because God has
changed but because my understanding has grown.
Unfortunately, a great many theists want to not only defend their
beliefs, but also to force their particular belief system on everyone
else, including different kinds of theists.
And that's pretty dumb, isn't it? We see much the same kind of behaviour
nowadays from leaders of supposed democracies, who are trying to force
other countries to accept democracy. It doesn't work for democracy, and
it doesn't work for other belief systems either.
Post by BruceSFortunately, the more
enlightened religions now do this without resort to murder and torture,
but there's still a lot of that sort going on from the more primitive
types.
Alas, democracies qualify as the more primitive types.
Post by BruceSAs often as not, such corrections are characterised by schisms and epic
bloodshed.
I don't doubt it for a moment, but a secularist who self-righteously
proclaims that religion is steeped in blood is on very, very, very shaky
ground indeed.
Not all religion is steeped in blood, but some certainly are. Judaism
and Christianity have matured past their bloody roots, but those roots
are there. Meanwhile, their brother Islam still encourages the worst
behaviors.
Judaism? Maybe. Christianity? No, I don't think so. Those who follow
Christian teachings don't go round murdering people or torturing people.
Islam? I don't know enough about it to judge. Don't confuse Islam with
what you see in the newspaper.
Or are you going to lay the Crusades at the door of Christianity? The
Church was the dominant political structure of the time, and thus those
who sought power joined the Church and ignored pretty much all of its
teaching. The Popes of the day were power-brokers. They might,
conceivably, have been Christians, but not particularly good ones. The
First Crusade was a power play by one of these Popes, and the following
Crusades were basically re-matches. It was the use of power to gain more
power, and had about as much to do with Christianity as Benny Hinn.
The death toll resulting from the Crusades is staggering: one estimate
puts it at 1.7 million. If X=100,000, then we have:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
That's bad. Now let's take a look at the Spanish Inquisition (since
we're here):
.
Oh. Only a twentieth of a cross. Still appalling, still horrifying, but
just a flyspeck on the screen. (About 3,000 to 5,000.)
Now let's see how well the secularists do.
World War I:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
World War II:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Whenever such huge numbers of people are killed, always you will find
behind it some human being who is trying to gain or preserve power. They
might claim to be doing so in the name of Christ (Urban II), or in the
name of democracy (Blair/Bush), or for revenge (Austria-Hungary), or for
lebensraum (Hitler), but that's irrelevant. What matters is that their
stated reason conceals their real motivation, which is power over
others. To attempt to lay the casualties of the Crusades at the door of
Christianity itself betrays an overly simplistic understanding of history.
--
Richard Heathfield
Email: rjh at cpax dot org dot uk
"Usenet is a strange place" - dmr 29 July 1999
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